About Wars Around the World
About wars in various places first. In addition to Europe, the civil war in Ethiopia, Africa is also serious. I can understand why Tedros complains, but I don’t think skin color is the reason. The conflict in Europe must be dealt with first because the food supply would affect famine in Africa. Now that all countries are facing crisis of war and climate, so the situation in Africa is difficult to be taken care of. Of course, capable countries can provide assistance, you decide and discuss yourselves. Russia and Ukraine, please try best to exercise restraint and figure out a solution. Those aggressive people around the world, please remember: a ruined world is not good for you.
Forest Fires in Russia
Can Russia put out forest fires in your territory in a shorter time? There is a lot of methane and oil underground in Siberia, and the forest fires will make the thawing of permafrost worse. Countries with better relations with Russia please pay attention to whether Russia needs assistance, and send people to help put out fires if necessary. Is assisting in firefighting within the scope of REDD’s services? Perhaps UN can add related projects to protect and observe global forest ecology.
Runaway Greenhouse Effect
Since the mechanism of the runaway greenhouse effect has been activated, I have recently been thinking about how to reverse or moderate this mechanism. Rising temperatures have directly disrupted the Earth’s water balance, so how to restore it is the focus. This requires scientists from all over the world to help, and find a way out.
Why the greenhouse effect is accelerating into a runaway mode this year? Earlier in this year, the volcano in Tonga erupted. Tonga is not a terrestrial volcano, but an underwater volcano. Its eruption boiled seawater, thus evaporating huge amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere, making the greenhouse effect worse. Water has very strong thermal stability. It is not easy to be heated up or cooled down, which is why water can maintain climate balance. However, the warming caused by human activities has already caused the ocean water temperature to rise. The higher the water temperature, the lower the water pressure. If the pressure of the ocean cannot stabilize the crust of Earth, the volcanoes under the sea will erupt. I don’t know the distribution of submarine volcanoes, maybe we should set up relevant unit for observations.
- Further Reading: AGU_The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Hydration of the Stratosphere
- Further Reading:Tonga Eruption Blasted Unprecedented Amount of Water Into Stratosphere
The Warming Ocean
To Restore the Earth’s water cycle, ocean must be cooled down, glaciers restored and forests regenerated. How to cool the sea water? This is very difficult. It took the Earth tens of thousands of years to naturally evolve to a state of equilibrium climate. So, I leave the problem to scientists. I document some ideas for solving minor problems.
New Reservoirs
The world is now experiencing extreme weather such as: high temperatures, droughts, forest fires, heavy rains, floods, and water shortages. These phenomena are related and connected. Alleviating one of the problems is equal to alleviating the others at the same time. Nature is majestic and there are limits to the scale of what we can handle. But anything that might help must be tried, or we will not survive.
I’ve seen a proposal to divert heavy rains to reservoirs, which can deal with flooding and water scarcity at the same time. This idea sounds beautiful, but it is difficult to implement. First, the location of heavy rains is uncertain. Secondly, the amount of rain is usually too large for a reservoir to hold, and the water must be discharged. Thirdly, a reservoir that can hold the amount of heavy rains will be too large to be constructed. Of course, if someone can solve the above difficulties, it may be feasible.
In addition, the reservoirs and rivers in various countries have evaporated too quickly due to the high temperature. They are almost dried up. If there is no way to prevent evaporation, water shortages remains a problem even we have additional reservoirs. Therefore, additional reservoirs must be built underground, or there are other ways to prevent water evaporation. Otherwise additional reservoirs will not solve the problem of water shortage.
Designs for Drawing Water from the Air
I looked up some recent designs for drawing water from the air and found that only “Warka Tower” works. Other designs may sound like they are workable, but actually not. Warka Tower cannot collect much water from the air. Since many places may become very dry in the future, this design is still recorded here. Those who are interested in improving it can try it out.
Artificial Rain and Snow
Because of the severe drought in various places, some countries use artificial methods to make rain. This method alleviated the drought slightly, but did not completely solve the problem. We have to try no matter what. Artificial rain-making is to change the nature, size and distribution of vapor in the air by means of catalysts, so that it condenses into water and rains. This method should also work for snow-making. If this winter is cold, I think it will be an opportunity to restore glaciers.
It is hard to predict where heavy rain and snow will fall, so be prepared for disasters. The meteorological unit observes the climate near glaciers at the same time, and if the weather is appropriate, make artificial snow to increase the volume of glaciers. Glaciers are the best design of nature for water storage. Converting water into ice and storing it in high mountains reduces the amount of water vapor in the air, slows down the intensity of the greenhouse effect, and provides fresh water in summer. Therefore, countries with glaciers should try making snow in winter. The technical difficulty of making rain and snow is not high.
I am not sure whether this idea works well in practice. Glaciers and ice sheets on Earth are accumulated over thousands of years. A cold winter can make the area of ice appears large, but it is actually very thin compared to glaciers or ice sheets that have accumulated snow over thousands of years. If the temperature is this this hot in the next summer, they will all melt. The ice that is melting on Earth now is the snow that has accumulated over thousands of years. But we still have to do it.
Forest Regeneration
To restore the Earth’s water cycle, forests must also be regenerated in addition to cooling sea water and restoring glaciers. However, the area of forests that has been burned is now so large that it takes many years to regenerate such a large area. During this time, the greenhouse effect will increase, the phenomenon of warming and extreme weather will getting worse. Therefore, I hope to curb it by artificial intervention, otherwise the runaway greenhouse effect cannot be reversed. We can refer to and learn from countries with rich experience in afforestation and greening.
These are some of my ideas, and the actual action needs to be further discussed. This is left for all countries to think and implement.